The Šona Lithic Mounds: Field Measurements and Preliminary Interpretation of Anomalous Stone Structures in Transylvania, Romania

Abstract

The Šona Lithic Mounds, located near Făgăraș in Transylvania, Romania, represent a group of eight anomalous elevations arranged in two regular west–east rows of four. Previous Romanian descriptions have classified them as earthen “pyramids” or tumuli composed primarily of mud and clay, with estimated heights of up to 30 m. However, those statements lack any empirical field data or structural investigation. This study presents the first in situ field measurements and scientific observations conducted in October 2025 by the author. Using topographic surveying, ionization, and electromagnetic measurements, combined with direct access into tunnel cavities created by illicit excavation in 2013, the mounds were confirmed to consist of compact lithic material rather than loose sediment or anthropogenic fill. Their geometry is irregular, yet the spatial organization is clearly intentional—aligned west–east, corresponding with the solar axis (sunrise–sunset). Morphometric analyses based on half-ellipsoid modeling reveal consistent circumferences between 150–166 m for six of the eight mounds (±5 %), suggesting deliberate proportional control despite naturalistic external forms. Environmental readings indicated normal background radiation (0.12–0.15 µSv/h), moderate magnetic and electric field strengths, and positive–negative air ion balance typical for unpolluted rural sites. No anomalous energies were detected. The Šona mounds therefore present a paradox: lithic structures displaying ordered placement and proportional similarity, yet lacking signs of shaping or tool-based modification. Further research involving LIDAR, GPR, and excavation is recommended to determine their origin, internal architecture, and potential relation to the wider European tumulus tradition.